Fluids are rarely pure. Intrusion of minute amounts of impurities can initiate or substantially increase fouling. They can either deposit as a fouling layer or acts as catalysts to the fouling processes.
In crystallization fouling, the presence of small particles of impurities may initiate the deposition process by seeding. Sometimes impurities such as sand or other suspended particles in cooling water may have a scouring action, which will reduce or remove deposits.
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